Supreme Court Case
The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was an extremely important one, and one which set a significant precedent in the United States that would not be overturned until the Brown v. Board of Education decision in the middle of the 20th century. The former case set the precedent for what was known as the separate but equal doctrine. The principle question considered in this case was whether or not segregation -- a distinction between facilities, services and treatment of people -- could be lawfully determined based on race. Prior to the Supreme Court's ruling on this case, the state of Louisiana passed a law known as the Separate Car Act which mandated that African-American and Caucasian passengers in the railroad system had to sit in different cars based on their race. There was no federal consensus on this law, which had merely operated at the state level. The Supreme Court's decision on this matter, then, set the precedent for segregation as lawful throughout the country in many walks of life extending well beyond the railroad system and which would pertain to such areas as schools, water fountains, restaurants, hotels, and many others.
The central issue within this particular case was whether or not the Separate Car Act was constitutional. In helping to determine this fact, there was a considerable degree of scrutiny of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution....
The former officially forbid slavery, whereas the latter implied a degree of equality among African-American citizens and freed slaves, among other things (such as the fact that those born in the U.S. were citizens). The legal team for Plessy argued that the act did violate these amendments (especially the Fourteenth), while the legal team for Ferguson argued that these Amendments did not prevent any sort of separation of the races.
It was of extreme interest to both parties and to businesses, corporations, and governmental entities throughout the country, therefore, when the Supreme Court sided with Ferguson. The rationale behind its decision was fairly simple -- if the facilities issued in the case of a distinction between the races were inherently equal, then there was no transgression of the Constitution or of the aforementioned amendments. Specifically, the court ruled that if everything in distinct facilities occupied between Caucasians and African-Americans was the same, then there was no injustice served. The assumption of such rationale was the fact that there could in fact be equality between the races despite the fact that they were separate from one another. Again, it is noteworthy to mention the fact that more than half a century later, this ruling would be overturned due to the apparent inequality in the distinct facilities between African-Americans and Caucasians.
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